冈比亚(Gambia)

冈比亚共和国（Republic of The Gambia），简称冈比亚，台湾地区翻译为甘比亚。位于北纬 13°28'，西经 16°39'，非洲西部大西洋沿岸地区，它西邻大西洋，北、东、南三面被塞内加尔紧紧包围，国土面积约为10380平方公里。

15-16世纪遭葡萄牙入侵。此后英国和法国殖民者也相继侵入。1783年，《凡尔赛和约》把冈比亚河两岸划归英国，把塞内加尔划归法国。1889年，英法达成协议，划定当今冈比亚边界。1965年2月18日独立。

冈比亚是世界最不发达国家之一，英语是冈比亚官方语言，但民间常使用曼丁哥语、沃洛夫语以及无文字的富拉语和塞拉胡里语。 冈比亚总统-叶海亚·贾梅宣布，为了彻底地和过往的殖民地历史划清界线，将国家名称改为“冈比亚伊斯兰共和国”，2017年再次改回“冈比亚共和国”。冈比亚是非洲大陆最小的国家。 2013年，冈比亚退出英联邦。2014年，欧盟取消了对冈比亚的经济援助。

地形地貌

冈比亚伊斯兰共和国全境为一狭长平原，切入塞内加尔共和国境内。冈比亚河横贯东西，注入大西洋。

旅游业

近年来，旅游业发展较快，已成为全国第二大就业行业，冈外汇主要来源之一。2016年旅游业产值约占国内生产总值的21.9%，旅游业就业岗位占全国总就业岗位的18.8%，游客消费相当于当年冈出口总额的46.5%（资料来源：世界旅游业理事会2017年国别报告）。目前，全国宾馆共约40余家，房间约3000个，床位约7000张。每年接待外国游客约20万人次。游客主要来自英国、瑞典、德国等欧洲国家。 

对外贸易

冈比亚实行自由贸易政策，进口关税较低，向邻国转口贸易活跃。主要进口食品、机械运输设备、工业制成品、矿产品和燃料润滑油等；主要出口花生、花生制品、皮棉、渔产品等。2014年主要出口对象有中国、印度、英国、法国、意大利等，进口主要来自中国、巴西、印度、塞内加尔、印尼等。  

公路

无铁路。

冈比亚2004年公路总长2390公里，其中沥青路510公里，石子路800公里，土路1080公里。 

水运

冈比亚河横贯东西全境，是冈内陆地区的主要运输线。班珠尔港是冈主要的国际海运 Sea Freight港口，月处理集装箱800标准箱，年吞吐量为200万吨。  共4艘商船。 

航空

冈比亚首都云杜姆国际机场可起降各类大型客机，每周有定期航班飞往比利时、瑞士、西班牙、加纳、尼日利亚和塞内加尔等国。年接送旅客能力为100万人。2001年2月，冈与美国开通直航。 

The Republic of Gambia, abbreviated as Gambia, is translated into Gambia in Taiwan. Located in the Atlantic coast of Western Africa, it is located at 13 28', 16 39', North latitude, West longitude. It is adjacent to the Atlantic Ocean in the west. Senegal is tightly surrounded on the north, East and South sides. Its territory area is about 10380 square kilometers.

It was invaded by Portugal in the 15th and 16th centuries. Since then, British and French colonists have invaded one after another. In 1783, the Treaty of Versailles divided the two sides of the Gambia River into Britain and Senegal into France. In 1889, Britain and France reached an agreement to demarcate the current Gambia border. Independence on 18 February 1965.

The Gambia is one of the least developed countries in the world. English is the official language of the Gambia, but Mandingo, Wolov, Fula and Serahuri are commonly used among the people. The President of the Gambia, Yahya Jammei, announced that the name of the country would be changed to the "Islamic Republic of Gambia" in order to draw a clear line between the colonial history and the past, and to the "Republic of Gambia" again in 2017. Gambia is the smallest country on the African continent. [2] In 2013, the Gambia withdrew from the Commonwealth. In 2014, the European Union cancelled its economic assistance to the Gambia.

Topographic features

The whole territory of the Islamic Republic of Gambia is a narrow plain, which cuts into the territory of the Republic of Senegal. The Gambia River runs East-West into the Atlantic Ocean.

Tourism

In recent years, the tourism industry has developed rapidly, and has become the second largest employment industry in China, and one of the main sources of foreign exchange in Okinawa. In 2016, tourism output accounted for 21.9% of GDP, tourism employment accounted for 18.8% of the total employment in the country, and tourist consumption was equivalent to 46.5% of the total export in that year (Source: World Tourism Council Country Report 2017). At present, there are more than 40 hotels in China, with about 3000 rooms and 7000 beds. About 200,000 foreign tourists are received every year. Tourists mainly come from Britain, Sweden, Germany and other European countries.  

Foreign trade

The Gambia has a free trade policy, low import tariffs and active transit trade to its neighbours. It mainly imports foodstuffs, machinery transportation equipment, industrial manufactured products, mineral products and fuel lubricants, etc. It mainly exports peanuts, peanut products, lint cotton, fishery products, etc. In 2014, China, India, the United Kingdom, France, Italy and so on were the main export targets. Imports mainly came from China, Brazil, India, Senegal, Indonesia and so on.  

Highway

There is no railway.

The total length of Gambia's highways in 2004 was 2390 kilometers, including 510 kilometers of asphalt road, 800 kilometers of stone road and 1080 kilometers of earth road.  

Water transport

The Gambia River runs across the eastern and western parts of the country and is the main transport line in the inland area of the Gambia. Banjul Port is the main international shipping port in Gangkok. It handles 800 standard containers per month with an annual throughput of 2 million tons. Four merchant ships.  

Aviation

Yundum International Airport, the capital of Gambia, can take off and land all kinds of large passenger aircraft. There are regular flights to Belgium, Switzerland, Spain, Ghana, Nigeria and Senegal every week. The capacity to pick up and deliver passengers is 1 million per year. In February 2001, Oka and the United States opened direct flights.